OPTIMIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF CROTALARIA MEDICAGINEA CRUDE EXTRACT VIA MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION

Abstract

This study aims to establish an herbal source based on microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) for the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases by using in-vitro and in-vivo studies. In-vivo studies were conducted on albino rats. MAE was optimized for the rapid recovery of phytochemicals compounds from Crotalaria medicaginea. Central Composite Design (CCD) was used with three factors (power 200–900 W, time 1–5 min, and temperature 40–70 ⁰C) using response surface methodology. Total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) were response factors. The maximum level of responses was 66.56 mg-eq gallic acid and 105.94 mg-eq quercetin in 3 minutes extraction at 300 W of microwaves. In-vitro and in-vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity was then checked by different methods for optimized extracts. The maximum antioxidant activity in DPPH, FRAP, HRSA and ABTS assay was observed as 36.74%, 94.49%, 70.96%, and 59.76% respectively comparable to standard antioxidants. Under in-viro anti-inflammatory studies, the maximum activity was observed at the highest concentration (1 mg/mL), which is 46.32%, and 96.55%. In carrageenan induced rat paw edema, xylene induced ear edema and cotton pellet induced granuloma in rats, the highest inhibition in plant extract was observed as 47.31%, 73.66% and 51.08% which was very close to the standard drug used (77.33%, 58.23%. 56.03%). It is the first time report of MAE of C. medicaginea as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and the plant possess strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity as compared to standard drugs used.